Nanofiber scaffold for bone tissue engineering: Mechanism, challenge and future prospect

Figure 2 Triple synergistic regulation of nanofiber scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Nanofiber scaffolds precisely regulate bone regeneration through three synergistic mechanisms: Scaffolds construct bionic microenvironment from physical topological structure (fiber network and other characteristics), biochemical signals (bearing functional factors) and mechanical microenvironment (adaptive mechanical properties), and finally achieve bone defect repair, osteoporosis reversal and functional bone tissue reconstruction by inhibiting cell death, promoting migration and proliferation and optimizing extracellular matrix/cytokine synthesis. ECM: Extracellular matrix.