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Publication Name
World Journal of Orthopedics
ISSN
2218-5836
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Observational Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. Nov 18, 2025; 16(11): 110251
Published online Nov 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i11.110251
Table 2 Comparison of pre-simulation and post-simulation outcomes (n = 106)
Parameter
Presimulation (mean ± SD)
Post-simulation (mean ± SD)
Mean difference
P value1
Procedural accuracy score (%)62.5 ± 10.384.9 ± 8.622.4< 0.001
Knowledge test score (%)63.4 ± 11.278.2 ± 9.414.8< 0.001
Confidence level (0-10 scale)4.6 ± 1.78.2 ± 1.13.6< 0.001
1Paired t-test.
SD: Standard deviation.
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