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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Orthop. Oct 18, 2025; 16(10): 110562
Published online Oct 18, 2025. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v16.i10.110562
Table 2 Comparative costs of alginate produced by different companies from algae and bacteria

Volume, g
Cost, $
Manufacturing companies
Bacterial5950-1150Biosynth (Switzerland), USBiological Life Sciences (United States)
Algal25≈ 18Flinn Scientific (Canada), Carolina Biological Supply (United States)
50070-270Merck (Germany), Snow Sea (Russia), Fisher Scientific International, Inc. (United States)
1000125-550Merck (Germany), MSK Ingredients (United Kingdom), Fisher Scientific International, Inc. (United States)


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