High efficiency pathway for lower limb orthopedic surgery: A matched historic cohort study

Table 6 Measured outcomes in pre- and post-matched samples with difference in mean and odds ratios in below ankle procedures

	Pre-match1		Post-match2		Mean difference (95%CI)	P value3	E value (5%CL)
	Traditional (n = 317)	High efficiency (n = 718)	Traditional (n = 312)	High efficiency (n = 312)
Total recovery time (minute), median [IQR]	137 [101-173]	69 [51-92]	137 [101-173]	68 [51-92]	-63 [-70 to -56]	< 0.001a	5.8
Preoperative time (minute), median [IQR]	39 [32-51]	42 [31-58]	40 [32-51]	42 [33-56]	-2 [-5 to 1]	0.12	3.5
Operating time (minute), median [IQR]	59 [41-77]	41 [28-52]	59 [41-77]	41 [28-54]	-17 [-20 to -13]	< 0.001a
Total length of stay (minute), median [IQR]	321 [278-378]	240 [204-275]	321 [278-378]	242 [203-271]	-84 [-94 to -74]	< 0.001a	5.8
Phase 1 recovery utilization, n (%)	249 (78.5)	32 (4.5)	245 (78.5)	15 (4.8)	0.014 (0.007-0.025)	< 0.001a	16.4
Opioid utilization, n (%)	96 (30.2)	71 (9.9)	96 (30.8)	30 (9.6)	0.24 (0.15-0.38)	< 0.001a	3.5

¹Outcomes under pre-matched samples were unadjusted, presented as median and IQR, or number and percentage.

²Outcomes from matched samples were adjust from multivariable regression model taking age, body mass index, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists and surgical types as co-variates, presented as median and IQR, or number and percentage.

³Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous outcomes and Fisher’s exact test for categorical outcomes.

^aP < 0.05 as statistically significant, compared post-matched samples between high efficiency and traditional groups.