Long head of biceps tendon transposition for massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Overview of included clinical studies

Ref.	Country	Journal	Level of evidence, study type	Groups	No. of shoulder in group	Male:female sex	Age, yr	Follow-up, mo	Outcomes
Barth et al[37], 2020	France	Am J Sports Med	3, retrospective study	DR vs TOE with absorbable patch reinforcement vs SCR with LHBT autograft	28 vs 30 vs 24	15:13 vs 19:11 vs 16:8	63 ± 9 (48-83) vs 59 ± 7.6 (45-71) vs 60 ± 7 (47-81)	25 ± 2 (24-29) vs 27 ± 5 (24-36) vs 25 ± 2 (24-29)	ASES score, VAS score, constant score, range of motion, simple shoulder test, subjective shoulder value, muscle strength, retear rate
Kocaoglu et al[34], 2020	Turkey	Orthop J Sports Med	3, retrospective study	SCR with LHBT autograft vs SCR with a tensor fasciae lata autograft	14 vs 12	N/A	64.6 ± 8.4 vs 62.5 ± 6.5	28 vs 32	ASES score, VAS score, QuickDASH, range of motion, AHD, retear rate
Rhee et al[33], 2021	Korea	Arthroscopy	3, retrospective study	ARCR + BR vs ARCR	59 vs 52	32:27 vs 29:23	63.7 ± 6.5 vs 62.8 ± 6.9	15.1 ± 3.4 vs 25.1 ± 8.7	ASES score, VAS score, constant score, UCLA score, range of motion, muscle strength, AHD, retear rate
Chiang et al[36], 2021	China (Taiwan)	Arthroscopy	3, retrospective study	ARCR and SCR with LHBT autograft vs ARCR and tenotomy of LHBT performed at the insertion site	18 vs 22	7:11 vs 6:16	62.3 ± 7.5 vs 62.2 ± 6.1	26.6 ± 3.9 (24-38) vs 31.9 ± 6.4 (26-45)	ASES score, VAS score, UCLA score, rang of motion, AHD, retear rate
Kawashima et al[35], 2022	Japan	Arthroscopy	3, retrospective study	partial repair vs SCR with LHBT transposition	10 vs 12	6:4 vs 7:5	71.9 ± 7.5 vs 67.8 ± 2.0	37.2 (24-72) vs 24.8 (24-30)	ASES score, UCLA score, rang of motion, AHD, retear rate

AHD: Acromiohumeral distance; ARCR: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair; ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; DR: Double-row technique; LHBT: Long head of biceps tendon; N/A: Not available; SCR: Superior capsular reconstruction; TOE: Transosseous-equivalent technique; UCLA: University of California at Los Angles; VAS: Visual analogue scale.