Machine learning in orthopaedic surgery

Table 4 Summary of machine learning for orthopaedic surgery basic science applications

Ref.	Application	Conclusion
Begg et al[83]	Gait analysis	Used SVM to automate recognition of gait changes due to aging
Joyseeree et al[84]	Gait analysis	Used random forest, boosting, and SVM to identify disease on gait analysis data
Sikka et al[85]	Wearable technology	Utilized ML analytics via wearable technology to improve sports performance and identify risk factors for injury in sports
Cilla et al[86]	Implant design	ML techniques used to optimize short stem hip prosthesis to reduce stress shielding effects and achieve better short-stemmed implant performance

ML: Machine learning; SVM: Support vector machine.