Systematic review of the etiology behind patellar clunk syndrome

Table 1 Etiologies associated with development of patellar clunk syndrome: Comparison of published studies^a

Ref.	Postope-rative Knee Flexion (degrees)	Prothes-es Design	Joint Line Level	Patellar Height	Insall- Salvati Ratio	Position of Tibial Tray	Patellar thickne-ss	Patellar tendon length	Femoral condyle offset	Patellar tilt	Posterior tibial slope	Resurfac-ing
Beight et al[40]	Not significant	N/A	Significant	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Anderson et al[22]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A
Pollock et al[20]	N/A	Significant	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Maloney et al[27]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Yau et al[15]	N/A	N/A	Not significant	Significant	Significant	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A
Ip et al[23]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Schroer et al[28]	Significant	Significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	N/A
Fukunaga et al[14]	Significant	Significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A
Dennis et al[5]	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	Significant	Significant	Significant	N/A	Significant	Significant	Not significant	Not significant	N/A
Frye et al[4]	Significant	Significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A
Choi et al[8]	Not significant	Significant	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Significant
Costanzo et al[1]	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not significant	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A
Gholson et al[32]	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Significant	N/A
Peralta-Molero et al[29]	Significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	N/A
Bae et al[41]	N/A	Significant	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A
Toomey et al[42]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Martin et al[19]	Significant	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Snir et al[43]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/a	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tang et al[21]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/a	N/A	N/A	N/A
Rajshekha-r et al[44]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/a	N/A	N/A
Figgie et al[9]	N/A	N/A	Significant	Significant	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ip et al[45]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Lonner et al[17]	N/A	Significant	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Shoji et al[25]	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not significant
Ogawa et al[34]	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	Significant
Hamilton et al[31]	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Martin et al[19]	Significant	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Agarwala et al[2]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Shilling-ton et al[33]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Significant
McNabb et al[46]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Clarke et al[18]	N/A	Significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ranawat et al[26]	N/A	Significant	N/A	Not significant	Not significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Aglietti et al[16]	Not significant	Significant	N/A	Not significant	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not significant	N/A	Significant

^aP = 0.05 for significance. N/A: Not available.