Spontaneous pneumothorax in a 17-year-old male patient with multiple exostoses: A case report and review of the literature

Figure 1 Chest X-ray and computed tomography scan revealed right-sided pneumothorax. A: Chest X ray in anterior-posterior view; B: Computed tomography scan in axial plane.

Figure 2 Computed tomography scan shows exostoses of five ribs. The right first and seventh ribs were sharp and protruded into the thoracic cavity. A: Rt. (right) first rib; B: Rt. third rib; C: Rt. fourth rib; D: Rt. seventh; E: Left ninth rib. Rt.: Right.

Figure 3 Damaged pleura and lung tissues confronted with the exostosis of the right seventh rib. A: Coronal plane, thickness of visceral pleura; B: Axial plane, damaged lung tissues.

Figure 4 Intraoperative findings and treatment. The bony spur was removed using forceps. The spinous lesion of the rib surface was scraped down by arthroscopic burr.

Figure 5 Pathological findings (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×200). The resected specimen was histologically composed of mature bone, hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage with no sign of malignant transformation.