Early detection of gallbladder cancer: Current status and future perspectives

Table 6 Benign vs malignant gall bladder wall thickening

Modalities	Benign wall thickening	Malignant wall thickening
USG	Diffuse and symmetric	Focal and asymmetric
	Intact mucosa	Discontinuous mucosa
	Layered GB wall	Loss of layering
	Low mean flow velocity and peak systolic velocity	High mean flow velocity and Peak systolic velocity
	Low shear wave velocity	High shear wave velocity
	Liver parenchyma infiltration absent	Liver parenchyma infiltration present
CEUS	Homogenous arterial phase enhancement	Non-homogenous arterial phase enhancement
	Tortuous intralesional vascularity	Dotted intralesional vascularity
	Delayed washout	Early washout
CECT	Homogenous enhancement	Heterogenous enhancement
	If layering present inner layer is enhancing	If layering present inner layer enhancing
	Lymphadenopathy usually absent	Present
	Symmetric	Asymmetric
MRI	On T2, thin hypointense inner layer and thick hyperintense outer layer or multiple T2 hyperintense foci in wall	Diffuse nodular thickening without
	Delayed enhancement	Layering
	High ADC	Early enhancement in contrast phase
		Low ADC

MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; USG: Ultrasonography; CEUS: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; GB: Gall bladder; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient.