Modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for predicting advanced colorectal neoplasia

Table 2 Relationships between clinical features and presence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in derivation cohort, n (%)

Clinical feature	Total	Advanced colorectal neoplasia
		Univariate analysis				Multivariate analysis
		Present (n = 372)	Absent (n = 4220)	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Sex
Female	2134	134 (6.3)	2000 (93.7)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Male	2458	238 (9.7)	2220 (90.3)	1.54 (1.26-1.89)	0.000	1.49 (1.14-1.93)	0.003
Age (years)
< 40	1636	46 (2.8)	1590 (97.2)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
40–49	1315	111 (8.4)	1204 (91.6)	3.00 (2.15-4.20)		3.11 (2.17-4.44)
50–59	934	101 (10.8)	833 (89.2)	3.85 (2.74-5.41)		3.93 (2.71-5.71)
60–69	519	81 (15.6)	438 (84.4)	5.56 (3.92-7.87)		5.56 (3.70-8.35)
≥ 70	188	33 (17.6)	155 (84.4)	6.25 (4.10-9.52)	0.000	6.10 (3.64-10.2)	0.000
Regular exercise
No	2491	193 (7.7)	2298 (92.3)	1 (Reference)
Yes	2091	177 (8.5)	1914 (91.5)	1.09 (0.90-1.33)	0.373
Smoking
No	3783	275 (7.3)	3508 (92.7)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	809	97 (12.0)	712 (88.0)	1.65 (1.33-2.05)	0.000	1.50 (1.14-1.98)	0.004
Alcohol drinking
No	3986	314 (7.9)	3673 (92.1)	1 (Reference)
Current or past drinker	606	58 (9.6)	548 (90.4)	1.21 (0.93-1.59)	0.158
Regular intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
No	4437	350 (7.9)	4087 (92.1)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	105	18 (17.0)	87 (83.0)	2.16 (1.340-3.32)	0.001	1.11 (0.64-1.93)	0.707
Hypertension
No	4050	296 (7.3)	3754 (92.7)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	542	76 (14.0)	466 (86.0)	1.92 (1.51-2.43)	0.000	1.13 (0.83-1.54)	0.423
Diabetes mellitus
No	4370	342 (7.8)	4028 (92.2)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	222	30 (13.5)	192 (86.5)	1.72 (1.21-2.43)	0.003	0.92 (0.60-1.42)	0.718
Hyperlipemia
No	4182	324 (7.7)	3858 (92.3)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	410	48 (11.7)	362 (88.3)	1.51 (1.13-2.01)	0.005	1.03 (0.74-1.45)	0.848
Colorectal cancer family history
No	4239	344 (8.1)	3895 (91.9)	1 (Reference)
Yes	347	28 (8.1)	319 (91.9)	1.01 (0.69-1.44)	0.976
Post cholecystectomy
No	4462	357 (8.0)	4105 (92.0)	1 (Reference)
Yes	130	15 (11.5)	115 (88.5)	1.43 (0.88-2.33)	0.154
Rectal bleeding
No	4393	349 (7.9)	4044 (92.1)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Yes	199	23 (11.6)	176 (88.4)	1.51 (0.97-2.37)	0.068	1.55 (0.97-2.45)	0.064
Change of bowel habit
No	4317	348 (8.1)	3969 (91.9)	1 (Reference)
Yes	275	24 (8.7)	251 (91.3)	1.09 (0.71-1.68)	0.695
Abdominal pain
No	3861	320 (8.3)	3541 (91.7)	1 (Reference)
Yes	731	52 (7.1)	679 (92.9)	0.85 (0.63-1.15)	0.286
Body mass index (kg/m²)
≤ 23	1961	121 (6.2)	1840 (93.8)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
> 23	2621	249 (9.5)	2372 (90.5)	1.54 (1.25-1.90)	0.000	1.10 (0.84-1.44)	0.500
Waist circumference (cm)
Normal	2865	203 (7.1)	2662 (92.9)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Higher (> 90, males; > 80, females)	1727	169 (9.8)	1558 (90.2)	1.38 (1.14-1.68)	0.001	0.90 (0.68-1.20)	0.487
Waist-hip ratio
Normal	2957	190 (6.4)	2767 (93.6)	1 (Reference)		1 (Reference)
Higher (> 0.9, males; > 0.85, females)	1635	182 (11.1)	1453 (88.9)	1.73 (1.43-2.11)	0.000	1.46 (1.11-1.92)	0.006

OR: Odds ratio.