Diagnosis and management of functional symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease in remission

Table 3 Studies that explore quality of life and anxiety in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission with irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms

Ref.	Sample size (CD/UC)	Questionnaires used	Results
Simrén et al[2]	83 (40/43)	GSRS	Higher anxiety and depression scores in IBD-IBS (worst in CD)
	37 IBD-IBS (23/14)	HADS
		STAI
		PGWB
Minderhoud et al[44]	107 (34/73)	IBDQ	Lower QoL scores in IBD-IBS
	37 IBD-IBS (14/23)
Farrokhyar et al[45]	149 (105/44)	sIBDQ	Occurence of any FGID taken in count (not only IBS-like)
	31 IBD-IBS (27/4)	EQ-5D	Lower QoL scores in CD patients with FGID
			Difference not significant for UC
Ansari et al[46]	50 (0/50)	SF-36	Lower QoL scores in IBD-IBS than in asymptomatic and similar to patients in flare
	IBD-IBS: 23 (0/23)
Keohane et al[33]	106 (62/44)	IBSQ	QoL scores only significantly lower in UC-IBS
	54 IBD-IBS (37/17)	HADS	Levels of anxiety and depression only significantly higher in UC-IBS
Piche et al[48]	92 (92/0)	French-validated IBS severity scoring system	Higher severity, impact, depression and fatigue scores in CD-IBS
	42 IBD-IBS (42/0)
		Likert scales	No significant differences in anxiety level
		FIS
		Short BDI
		HADS
Barratt et al[3]	276 (110/166)	SF-36	No differentiation between IBD patients in remission or in active phase
	31 IBD-IBS (14/17)	HADS	Lower QoL scores and higher anxiety, depression scores in IBD-IBS
Bryant et al[4]	93 (47/43)	sIBDQ	Occurrence of any FGID taken in count (not only IBS-like)
	12 IBD-IBS (no CD/UC differentiation)	HADS	Lower QoL scores and higher anxiety and depression scores in IBD patients with any FGID
		BDQ-6
			Lowest scores in IBS-like symptoms
Jelsness-Jørgensen et al[49]	89(28/61)	FQ	More fatigue scores in IBD-IBS (worst in UC)
	30 IBD-IBS (8/22)	RFIPC	More concerns in UC-IBD (difference non significant for CD)
Kim et al[50]	226 (107/119)	EQ-5D	Occurrence of any FGID taken in count (not only IBS-like)
	82 IBD-IBS (50/32)	HADS	Lower QoL scores and higher anxiety and depression scores in UC-IBS (difference non-significant for CD)
Berrill et al[5]	97 (40/57)	HADS	No differentiation between IBD patients in remission or in active phase
	31 IBD-IBS (13/18)		Higher anxiety and depression scores in IBD-IBS
Jonefjäll et al[35]	94 (0/94)	HADS	Lower QoL scores and higher anxiety scores in UC-IBS (difference in depression score non-significant)
	25 IBD-IBS (0/25)	SF-36
Vivinus-Nébot et al[51]	49 (31/18)	French-validated IBS severity scoring system	Higher severity and impact scores in IBD-IBS
	18 IBD-IBS (11/7)

IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; GSRS: Gastrointestinal symptom rating scale; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; STAI: Spielberger state trait anxiety inventory; PGWB: Psychological general well-being index; IBSQ: Inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire; QoL: Quality of life; sIBDQ: Inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire; EQ-5D: EuroQOL-5D; FGID: Functional gastrointestinal disorders; FIS: Fatigue impact scale; BDI: Becks depression inventory; BDQ-6: Bowel disease questionnaire-6; FQ: Fatigue questionnaire; RFIPC: Rating form of inflammatory bowel disease patients concerns.