Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia: Not a breath of fresh air after all?

Table 4 Rate of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia based on Acid-Suppressive Medication

Characteristic	Acid-suppressive exposure	No acid-suppressive exposure	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
	PPI
Total admissions	25 374	30 956	56 330	56 330
HAP (%)	1340 (5.3)	610 (2.0)	2.8 (2.5-3.1)	1.3 (1.1-1.4)
	H2RA
Total admissions	5686	30 956	36 642	36 642
HAP (%)	176 (3.1)	610 (2.0)	1.6 (1.3-1.9)	1.2 (0.98-1.4)

Adapted from Herzig et al. Based on the acid-suppressive therapy administered within the first 48 h of a hospital admission, the odds ratio of hospital-acquired pneumonia varies. The risk of pneumonia is highest following exposure to proton pump inhibitors.