Proton pump inhibitor-associated pneumonia: Not a breath of fresh air after all?

Table 1 Community-acquired pneumonia in patients administered proton pump inhibitors based on dose and duration of use

	Cases of PNA (%)	Controls w/o PNA (%)	OR
Acid suppression w/in 30-180 d	3.4 (7.2)	346 (7.0)	1
DDD of PPI administered
< 1	25 (5.3)	265 (5.3)	1.23
1	59 (12.4)	358 (7.2)	1.94a
> 1	15 (3.2)	74 (1.5)	2.28 a
Duration of PPI use (d)
< 30	27 (5.7)	157 (3.2)	2.24 a
30-180	40 (8.4)	291 (5.9)	1.65 a
> 180	32 (6.7)	249 (5.0)	1.52 a

Adapted from Laheij et al. As the daily dose of PPI increases, the odds ratio of pneumonia increases. However, as the duration of PPI use increases, the odds ratio of pneumonia decreases.

^aP < 0.05.