Beyond class switching in multi-refractory inflammatory bowel disease: Nine case reports and review of literature

Figure 4 Sequential healing course of perianal Crohn’s disease under upadacitinib therapy (case 3). A: Baseline postoperative appearance with seton in place at treatment initiation, showing active inflammation and exposed fistulous tract; B: Day 30: Intraoperative view demonstrating tract exposure and targeted debridement, with early reduction in local inflammatory burden; C: Day 60: Ongoing cicatrization with visible contraction of the external opening and resolution of surrounding erythema; D: Day 90: Complete closure of the external opening with mature cicatricial tissue, reflecting full postoperative fistula healing.