Survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of four treatments based on patients reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves of randomized trials

doi:10.4292/wjgpt.120377

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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2150-5349

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Sep 5, 2026; 17(3): 120377
Published online Sep 5, 2026. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.120377

Table 1 Summary of the main clinical characteristics of patients included in the analysis, n (%)

Ref.	Treatments under comparison	Regions	Patient number	Number of events OS	HR (reported in the original trial)	Geographical region (Asia)	Etiology (HBV-HCV positivity)
Cheng et al[3], 2022, IMbrave150	Atezolizumab + bevacizumab vs sorafenib	17 countries and regions	336; 165	179; 99	0.66 (95%CI: 0.52-0.85)	133 (57); 68 (41)	236 (70); 112 (68)
Sangro et al[4], 2024, HIMALAYA	Tremelimumab + durvalumab vs sorafenib	Asia (except Japan), 83%	393; 389	291; 316	0.78 (95%CI: 0.67-0.92)	41 (39.8); 23 (35.9)	63 (61.1); 42 (65.6)
Yau et al[6], 2024, COSMIC-312	Cabozantinib + atezolizumab vs sorafenib	Asia, 29%; other, 71%	432; 217	262; 121	0.98 (95%CI: 0.78-1.24)	127 (29); 63 (29)	263 (60); 131 (60)
Qin et al[7], 2025, CARES-310	Camrelizumab + rivoceranib vs sorafenib	Asia, 83%	272; 271	111; 151	0.64 (95%CI: 0.49-0.80)	225 (83); 224 (83)	230 (84); 226 (84)
Shi et al[8], 2025, HEPATORCH	Toripalimab + bevacizumab vs sorafenib	China, 96%	162; 164	104; 126	0.76 (95%CI: 0.58-0.99)	NR	293 (90); 15 (5)
Zhou et al[10], 2025, APOLLO	Anlotinib + penpulimab vs sorafenib	China, 100%	433; 216	217; 122	0.69 (95%CI: 0.55-0.87)	433 (100); 216 (100)	381 (88); 188 (87)
Llovet et al[9], 2023, LEAP-002	Lenvatinib + pembrolizumab vs lenvatinib	Asia (excluding Japan), 31%; Japan and Western regions, 69%	395; 399	252; 282	0.84 (95%CI: 0.71-1.00)	172 (44); 173 (43)	247 (63); 237 (59)
Yau et al[5], 2025, CheckMate 9DW¹	Nivolumab + ipilimumab vs sorafenib/lenvatinib	Europe or North America, 43%; Asia, 42%	335; 333	194; 228	0.79 (95%CI: 0.65-0.96)	140 (42); 152 (46)	211 (63); 214 (65)

¹Among the 325 controls of this trial, 275 (85%) received lenvatinib while 50 (15%) received sorafenib.

OS: Overall survival; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HR: Hazard ratio; NR: Not reported.

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Citation: Damuzzo V, Vecchia S, Gasperoni L, Del Bono L, Ossato A, Orlandi E, Messori A. Survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of four treatments based on patients reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves of randomized trials. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2026; 17(3): 120377
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v17/i3/120377.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.120377

Damuzzo V, Vecchia S, Gasperoni L, Del Bono L, Ossato A, Orlandi E, Messori A. Survival in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of four treatments based on patients reconstructed from Kaplan–Meier curves of randomized trials. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2026; 17(3): 120377 [PMID: 42707851 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.120377]

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