Low-cost dynamic fascial traction using serial Bogota bag tightening in open abdomen management: A prospective randomized study

Table 1 Demographic and clinical variables of 36 patients randomized into group 1 and group 2, n (%)

Variable	Group 1 (control or no traction; n = 18)	Group 2 (study group with dynamic traction on the laparostomy bag; n = 18)	P value
Mean age (years ± SD)	43.78 ± 11.66	41.61 ± 15.67	0.6410
Male:female ratio	1:1	4:5	1.000
Primary laparostomy creation	2 (11.11)	5 (27.78)	1.000
Needing re-application of laparostomy	3 (16.67)	6 (33.33)	1.000
Creation of stoma	13 (72.2)	10 (55.6)	1.000
Comorbidity
Hypertension	1 (5.56)	1 (5.56)	1.000
Diabetes mellitus	7 (38.89)	6 (33.33)
Chronic liver disease	1 (5.56)	0
Pulmonary disease	1 (5.56)	1 (5.56)
Etiology
Tuberculosis	6 (33.33)	6 (33.33)	0.76
Enteric fever	7 (38.89)	5 (27.78)
Trauma	1 (5.56)	3 (16.67)
Ruptured liver abscess	2 (11.11)	3 (16.67)
Others	2 (11.11)	1 (5.56)
Investigations
Abnormal liver function tests	8 (44.4)	10 (55.6)	0.74
Mean INR	1.65 ± 0.568	1.66 ± 0.486	0.915
Mean serum creatinine (mg/dL ± SD)	1.61 ± 0.624	1.61 ± 0.624	1.00
Mean serum albumin (g/dL ± SD)	2.80 ± 0.570	2.76 ± 0.534	0.829
Viral markers positive (HBsAg, HIV, HCV)	2 (11.11)	1 (5.56)	1.00
Mean blood transfusion units per patient	1.67	1.83	1.000
SOFA score > 9 at admission	4 (22.2)	4 (22.2)	1.000
Mean initial fascial gap (cm ± SD)	14.2 ± 2.3	15.1 ± 2.1	1.000

All continuous variables depicted in terms of mean ± SD; categorical variables depicted by number; difference in means was analyzed using t-test/Mann-Whitney U test, while difference in proportions was analyzed using χ² test/Fischer’s exact test. P values reported as 1.000 reflect identical distributions between groups when analyzed using Fisher’s exact test in the presence of small cell counts. INR: International normalized ratio; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.