Frequency and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in acute pancreatitis

Table 3 Univariate analysis of predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among acute pancreatitis cases

No	Parameters	SIBO present (n = 12)	SIBO absent (n = 18)	P value
Demographic parameters and symptoms
1	Age in years	32.5 (24-60)	35 (27-60)	1.000
2	Gender (M/F)	9/3	8/10	0.141
3	Abdominal bloating	12 (100.0%)	1 (5.6%)	< 0.001
4	Flatulence	3 (25.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0.054
5	Belching	3 (25.0%)	1 (5.6%)	0.274
6	Vomiting	10 (83.3%)	15 (83.3%)	1.000
7	Hiccups	1 (8.3%)	1 (5.6%)	0.765
8	Obstipation	8 (66.7%)	3 (16.7%)	0.009
9	Jaundice	4 (33.3%)	2 (11.1%)	0.184
10	Oliguria	2 (16.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.152
Etiology, duration, severity, and complications of pancreatitis
1	Etiology of pancreatitis (ethanol/biliary/idiopathic/ethanol + biliary)	4/5/1/2	6/10/2/0	0.343
2	Duration of pancreatitis (days)	6.5 (3-23)	5 (1-15)	0.134
3	Severe pancreatitis	4 (33.3%)	0 (0.0%)	0.018
4	APFC	1 (8.3%)	2 (11.1%)	0.804
5	ANC	9 (75.0%)	0 (0.0%)	< 0.001
6	Ileus	9 (75.0%)	2 (11.1%)	0.001
7	AKI	2 (16.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.152
8	Sepsis	2 (16.7%)	0 (0.0%)	0.152
9	Presence of SIRS	10 (83.3%)	3 (16.7%)	0.001
Laboratory parameters
1	NLR	11.71 (2.28-23.5)	4.95 (1.75-8.8)	0.001
2	Urea (mg/dL)	36.5 (12-50)	24 (9-66)	0.113
3	Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.9 (0.5-1.6)	0.65 (0.4-1.4)	0.012
4	Amylase (U/L)	1327.5 (371-4009)	1184.5 (233-7235)	0.819
5	Lipase (U/L)	947.5 (310-6800)	1162.5 (383-8076)	0.267
6	Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.2 (0.2-9.6)	0.95 (0.2-3.8)	0.325
7	Total protein (g/dL)	6.45 (4.6-8.5)	7 (5.2-8)	0.573
8	Albumin (g/dL)	3.6 (2.3-5.4)	3.5 (2.7-4.7)	0.917
9	TG (mg/dL)	147.5 (75-272)	135 (23-218)	0.491
10	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	165.5 (77-289)	151 (113-231)	0.884
11	hsCRP (mg/dL)	61 (2.8-338)	21.5 (1.6-204)	0.004
12	Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	0.332 (0.02-2.45)	0.136 (0.02-1.28)	0.305
13	CTSI score	8 (2-10)	2 (1-6)	< 0.001
14	Basal hydrogen (ppm)	2.5 (1-5)	3 (0-6)	0.285
15	Basal methane (ppm)	5 (3-11)	5 (3-22)	0.632
16	Predominant methane producer	4 (33.3%)	8 (44.4%)	0.709

AKI: Acute kidney injury; ANC: Acute necrotic collection; APFC: Acute peripancreatic fluid collection; CTSI: Computed tomography severity index; SIBO: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; TG: Triglyceride; M: Male; F: Female.