Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and obstructive sleep apnea: A cohort analysis of prevalence and hepatic outcomes

doi:10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i2.118130

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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2150-5349

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Jun 5, 2026; 17(2): 118130
Published online Jun 5, 2026. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i2.118130

Table 2 Annual incidence and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (2010-2024)

Year	Incidence (%)	Incidence (n)	Prevalence (%)	Prevalence (n)
2010	0.029	13	0.029	13
2011	0.048	24	0.072	36
2012	0.113	63	0.177	99
2013	0.128	78	0.281	171
2014	0.203	136	0.450	303
2015	0.388	284	0.781	575
2016	0.678	535	1.376	1094
2017	0.824	682	2.024	1696
2018	1.097	935	2.889	2507
2019	1.266	1089	3.846	3398
2020	1.290	1098	4.806	4242
2021	1.700	1420	6.062	5297
2022	2.086	1666	7.702	6526
2023	2.519	1880	9.747	7857
2024	3.237	2151	12.425	9122

Yearly incidence and prevalence proportions of newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) from 2010 to 2024. Incidence represents new OSA diagnoses per year divided by the MASLD population at risk; prevalence reflects all existing OSA cases each year among patients with MASLD. Both raw counts (n) and population percentages are shown. These trends were subsequently analyzed using Mann-Kendall monotonic trend testing and Sen’s slope estimates.

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Citation: Chowdhary R, Song GQ, Goyal MK, Vuthaluru AR, Arora K, Chowdhary R, Patel M, Batta A, Koo TH, Sunkesula V, Goyal R, Goyal O. Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and obstructive sleep apnea: A cohort analysis of prevalence and hepatic outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2026; 17(2): 118130
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5349/full/v17/i2/118130.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i2.118130

Chowdhary R, Song GQ, Goyal MK, Vuthaluru AR, Arora K, Chowdhary R, Patel M, Batta A, Koo TH, Sunkesula V, Goyal R, Goyal O. Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and obstructive sleep apnea: A cohort analysis of prevalence and hepatic outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2026; 17(2): 118130 [PMID: 42273248 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v17.i2.118130]

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