Effect of cholecystectomy on liver fat and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients

Table 5 Uni and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis

Risk factor	Univariate			Multivariate
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age ≥ 50 years	1.31	0.58-2.93	0.66	0.92	0.88-2.67	0.60
Sex female	0.73	0.41-1.29	0.28	0.45	0.33-1.65	0.88
High blood pressure	0.89	0.50-1.58	0.7	0.89	069-1.26	0.64
Diabetes mellitus	0.42	0.23-0.77	0.005	0.99	0.93-1.17	0.17
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.1	0.35-2.22	0.86	1.35	0.65-2.31	0.08
Hypercholesterolemia	1.56	0.55-4.39	0.85	1.79	1.89-2.91	0.09
Obesity	0.58	0.31-1.07	0.08	0.98	0.33-3.01	0.52
GBS	2.62	1.46-4.72	0.000	0.99	0.87-1.05	0.99
Chx	0.37	0.20-0.67	0.000	2.69	1.55-2.88	0.04
weight	0.96	0.94-0.98	0.038	0.99	0.87-1.76	0.93
BMI	0.91	0.86-0.97	0.01	0.86	069-1.06	0.18
Waist size (cm)	0.94	0.91-0.98	0.012	0.99	0.92-1.07	0.62
Metabolic syndrome	0.32	0.15-0.69	0.004	0.51	0.16-1.64	0.26
ALT	0.94	0.91-0.97	0.003	0.99	0.23-3.01	0.79
GGT	0.98	0.96-1.00	0.02	0.99	0.97-1.05	0.53
Triglycerides	1.05	0.72-1.55	0.27	1.75	1.09-2.81	0.07
LDL Cholesterol	1.24	0.83-1.87	0.22	1.32	0.99-2.43	0.09
BARD score	1.12	0.79-1.59	0.30	1.78	0.99-2.67	0.03
Home test	0.90	0.78-1.04	0.18	0.89	0.77-2.31	0.29
FLI score	0.97	0.95-0.99	0.02	1.01	0.97-1.05	0.42
LAP score	0.99	0.98-1.00	0.48	0.87	0.77-1.88	0.58
HSI score	0.90	0.84-0.96	0.000	0.96	0.85-1.07	0.48
APRI score	1.73	0.01-2.22	0.178	0.89	0.47-2.99	0.65
FIB4 score	0.96	0.59-1.57	0.93	0.99	1.32-3.46	0.55
NFS score	0.95	0.75-1.21	0.95	0.32	0.44-1.21	0.50
Elasticity/ultrasound	0.027	0.003-0.22	0.000	2.65	4.27-1.65	0.09
Steatosis/MRI	0.89	0.84-0.95	0.000	0.13	0.03-0.58	0.712
Elasticity/FibroScan®	0.09	0.04-0.20	0.000	0.98	0.88-1.87	0.006
CAP	0.99	0.98-1.00	0.000	0.43	0.56-1.12	0.4

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; GBS: Gallbladder stones; Chx: Cholecystectomy; BMI: Body mass index; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; BARD: Body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes mellitus; FLI: Fatty liver index; LAP: Lipid accumulation product; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index; FIB4: Fibrosis 4; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter.