Effect of cholecystectomy on liver fat and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease patients

Table 4 Uni and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease ≥ S2

Risk factor	Univariate			Multivariate
	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Age ≥ 50 years	0.31	0.13-0.70	0.005	0.19	0.03-1.03	0.054
Sex female	1.68	0.97-2.90	0.062	1.40	0.52-3.70	0.86
High blood pressure	0.85	0.49-1.47	0.57	0.67	0.87-4.32	0.57
Diabetes mellitus	1.65	0.95-2.86	0.07	0.57	0.84-10.38	0.29
Hypertriglyceridemia	1.09	0.48-2.50	0.82	0.67	0.54-2.89	0.33
Hypercholesterolemia	0.98	0.35-2.74	0.97	0.78	0.45-4.23	0.42
Obesity	0.89	0.51-1.57	0.71	1.32	0.98-4.12	0.005
GBS	2.94	1.66-5.20	0.000	0.34	0.78-1.22	0.66
Chx	3.11	1.76-5.48	0.000	1.12	0.89-3.21	0.04
weight	0.96	0.94-0.98	0.01	0.98	0.45-3.21	0.57
BMI	1.08	1.01-1.16	0.01	0.92	1.12-4.27	0.49
Hip circumference (cm)	1.03	1.00-1.06	0.03	1.23	1.11-4.25	0.60
Waist size (cm)	2.10	1.11-3.94	0.02	2.95	0.84-10.38	0.008
Chest perimeter (cm)	2.86	1.53-5.32	0.001	0.65	0.89-3.74	0.93
GGT	1.38	0.77-2.46	0.27	0.87	0.65-5.12	0.90
Total cholesterol	0.72	0.33-1.56	0.41	0.65	0.87-4.22	0.26
LDL cholesterol	1.30	0.53-3.14	0.55	0.88	0.77-3.11	0.06
HbA1c	1.23	0.67-1.47	0.01	1.93	1.11-5.23	0.038
BARD score	0.57	0.27-1.18	0.13	0.65	0.55-2.11	0.35
Home test	1.54	0.27-8.65	0.61	0.34	0.44-3.25	0.69
FLI score	0.97	0.95-0.99	0.005	2.87	1.69-6.34	0.047
LAP score	1.40	0.39-4.95	0.59	0.99	0.89-4.11	0.23
HSI score	1.08	1.03-1.12	0.000	0.54	0.43-2.88	0.49
APRI score	1.32	0.44-3.95	0.61	0.56	0.55-2.33	0.21
FIB4 score	0.77	0.54-1.1	0.15	2.65	0.84-8.32	0.09
NFS score	0.84	0.70-1.00	0.06	1.83	0.65-5.13	0.60
Elasticity/ultrasound	3.52	1.53-8.06	0.003	7.00	0.68-71.40	0.10
Steatosis/MRI	1.27	1.19-1.36	0.000	10.21	3.65-28.52	< 0.001
Elasticity/FibroScan®	1.31	1.11-1.55	0.001	2.27	0.40-12.76	0.35
CAP	1.01	1.00-1.02	0.000	3.21	0.47-21.64	0.23

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; GBS: Gallbladder stones; Chx: Cholecystectomy; BMI: Body mass index; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; BARD: Body mass index, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, diabetes mellitus; FLI: Fatty liver index; LAP: Lipid accumulation product; HSI: Hepatic steatosis index; APRI: Aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index; FIB4: Fibrosis 4; NFS: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; CAP: Controlled attenuation parameter.