Updated review of Janus kinase inhibitors for the management of inflammatory bowel disease

Table 5 Janus kinase inhibitors in Crohn’s disease

Drugs	Induction of remission	Induction rates	Long term outcome	Adverse events
Tofacitinib[55]	180	At 8 weeks clinical remission: 43.5% and 43% with 5 mg and 10 mg group	At 26 weeks, clinical response was maintained in 55.8% and 39.5% patients in 5 mg and 10 mg group respectively	Severe adverse events at 26 weeks 11.7% in 5 mg group and 9.8% in 10 mg group
Upadacitinib, Friedberg et al[58]	40	At 4 weeks clinical response: 60%; clinical remission: 87%	At 8 weeks clinical response 76%; clinical remission: 70.6%	Acne (23%)
Loftus et al[60], U-EXCEL, U-EXCEED and U-ENDURE	U-EXCEL: 526; U-EXCEED: 495; U-ENDURE: 502	At 12 weeks clinical response was seen in U-EXCEL: 49.5% (vs 29.1% in placebo); U-EXCEED: 38.9% (vs 21.1% in placebo)	At 52 weeks higher patients on upadacitinib had clinical remission vs placebo (15 mg OD: 37.3%; 30 mg OD: 47.6%, 7.3% in placebo)	Herpes zoster; 30 mg group: 7.2 events per 100 person year; 15 mg group: 4.0 events per 100 person year; gastrointestinal perforation: 0.6-0.9 events per 100 person-year
Upadacitinib[61]	CELEST: 220; CELEST OLE: 107	At 12 weeks CLE: Clinical remission: 44.4%; endoscopic response: 40.2%	CELEST OLE: At 52 weeks; clinical: 15 mg: 37.3%; 30 mg: 47.6%; endoscopic: 35.5% with 10 mg/day; 40.1%; remission: 15 mg/day: 19.1%; 30 mg/day: 28.6%	Herpes zoster: 4% in 10 mg group; and 7.2% in 15 mg group

OD: Once daily.