Enteric nervous system as a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal disorders

Table 1 Studies showing therapeutic role of enteric nervous system on functional bowel disorders

No.	Ref.	Study characteristics	Key role of ENS
1	Baj et al[54]	Investigates the potential therapeutic use of marine toxins in treating visceral pain associated with gastrointestinal disorders	Focuses on the role of ENS in visceral pain perception and potential modulation via marine toxins
2	Bosi et al[55]	Examines how hyaluronan regulates neuronal and immune function in the rat small intestine and microbiota following ischemia/reperfusion injury	Highlights the ENS's involvement in gut motility and immune responses, particularly in the context of injury
3	Chai et al[56]	Studies the role of stem cell growth factor/c-Kit in the pathogenesis of IBS	Focuses on ENS's involvement in the pathophysiology of IBS, particularly in neuroimmune interactions
4	Chang et al[57]	Investigates how targeting enteric glial CRF-R1/Cx43 attenuates stress-induced accelerated colonic motility	Demonstrates the role of enteric glia and receptors in stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction
5	Chen et al[58]	Explores how patchouli alcohol restores gut homeostasis in IBS with diarrhea through neurotransmitter regulation via myosin Va	ENS plays a key role in restoring intestinal balance and regulating gut motility in IBS through neurotransmission
6	Cheng[59]	Identifies calcium-sensing receptor as a new therapeutic target for diarrhea	Focuses on how ENS receptors can be targeted to improve gastrointestinal disorders, specifically diarrhea
7	Del Colle et al[60]	Explores novel aspects of enteric serotonergic signaling in both health and brain-gut diseases	Examines serotonergic signaling in the ENS and its implications for gut function and diseases like IBS
8	Dong et al[61]	Investigates the role of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 as a mechanosensitive molecule in esophageal myenteric neurons	Highlights the mechanosensitive role of ENS neurons in regulating esophageal motility and responsiveness
9	Guarino et al[62]	Explores the role of the gastrointestinal neuromuscular apparatus as an underestimated target of gut microbiota	Focuses on the interaction between ENS, microbiota, and neuromuscular function in gastrointestinal health
10	Gulbransen and Christofi[63]	Investigates the potential of targeting enteric glia in gastrointestinal diseases and motility disorders	Highlights the emerging therapeutic role of enteric glia in modulating motility disorders and disease states
11	Holland et al[64]	Discusses the regulation of microRNA in enteric nervous system development and its role in disease	Emphasizes the role of microRNAs in ENS development, function, and the onset of gastrointestinal diseases
12	Holzer and Holzer-Petsche[65]	Studies how anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide migraine therapeutics may cause constipation by antagonizing the motor functions of the intestine	Examines the ENS's involvement in gastrointestinal motility affected by treatments for other conditions
13	Kimono[66]	Discusses gastrointestinal issues and therapeutic approaches in Gulf War illness	Focuses on the complex interplay between the ENS and the broader neurological and immune systems in disease contexts
14	Linan-Rico et al[67]	Investigates the role of enteric glial cells in inflammation and their potential therapeutic implications for GI diseases	Highlights the critical role of ENS glial cells in inflammation and their therapeutic potential in gastrointestinal disorders
15	Mace et al[68]	Provides insights into the pharmacology and physiology of gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells	Explores the interaction between ENS and enteroendocrine cells in regulating gut physiology and responses
16	Morales-Soto and Gulbransen[69]	Discusses how enteric glia significantly contributes to abdominal pain in gastrointestinal discomfort	Sheds light on the role of ENS glial cells in mediating abdominal pain and their emerging role in therapeutic strategies
17	O'Mahony et al[70]	Examines the connection between early-life stress and the development of irritable bowel syndrome and psychiatric comorbidities	Investigates the role of the ENS in the brain-gut axis, highlighting its importance in IBS and related conditions
18	Tait and Sayuk[71]	Studies the brain-gut-microbiota axis in functional gastrointestinal illnesses and potential therapeutic interventions	Explores the role of the ENS as a mediator between the brain, gut, and microbiota in functional gastrointestinal disorders
19	Weber[72]	Discusses new treatment options for irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea	Focuses on therapeutic targets within the ENS to treat IBS with diarrhea
20	Zhang et al[73]	Explores how EphrinB2/ephB2 activation facilitates colonic synaptic potentiation and contributes to long-term visceral hypersensitivity in IBS	Focuses on the role of synaptic plasticity in the ENS, contributing to visceral hypersensitivity in IBS

ENS: Enteric nervous system; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; GI: Gastrointestinal; RNA: Ribonucleic acid.