Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Evolution, gastrointestinal adverse effects, and future directions

Table 2 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Generic and trade names, indications, and regimen

Generic name	Trade name	Indications				Regimen
		Type 2 diabetes mellitus		Obesity	Major adverse cardiovascular events reduction
		Adults	Pediatrics ≥ 10 years
Exenatide1	Bydureon®	Yes	Yes	Yes		2 mg, s.c./week
	Byetta®	Yes		Yes		0.01 mg s.c. twice a day
Liraglutide	Victoza®	Yes	Yes		Yes	1.2 mg, 1.8 mg s.c. QD
	Saxenda®			Yes	Yes	3 mg, s.c. QD
Semaglutide	Ozempic®	Yes			Yes	0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.0 mg, s.c./week
	Rybelsus®	Yes			Yes	7 mg, 14 mg, oral QD
	Wegovy®			Yes	Yes	2.4 mg s.c./week
Lixisenatide2	Lyxumia®	Yes				0.02 mg s.c. QD
Dulaglutide	Trulicity®	Yes			Yes	0.75 mg (monotherapy), 1.5 mg (add-on therapy) s.c./week
Tirzepatide3	Zepbound®	Yes		Yes		2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, s.c./week

¹The anti-obesity use of exenatide is an off label.

²Lixisenatide went off-market in 2023 for business reasons.

³Tirzepatide is dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

Major adverse cardiovascular events (i.e., non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, cardiovascular mortality). QD: Once a day; S.c.: Subcutaneous.