Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. Jul 5, 2021; 12(4): 56-78
Published online Jul 5, 2021. doi: 10.4292/wjgpt.v12.i4.56
Table 2 Studies addressing hepatitis B vaccination strategies
Ref.
Study type
Main findings
Koc et al[49], 2018Prospective open label trialHBAI20 (HBVaxPro©-10-μg vaccine combined with an adjuvant AI20, a recombinant human IL-2) exhibited protective anti-HBs titers in 90% of previous non-responders likely due to an enhanced immune response
Qiu et al[53], 2018 Prospective trialGenome wide comparative analysis revealed significant transcriptome and cytokine changes in HBV vaccine non-responders
Da Silva et al[54], 2018Randomized prospective trialImpaired seroconversion for HBV vaccination in CKD patients was linked to reduced baseline CXCR3 + CCR6- CXCR5+ memory T cells levels
Van Damme et al[59], 2019Prospective trialImmune challenge, in previously vaccinated adults (HBsAg vaccine 2-3 decades prior) showed a 100% anamnestic response by day 30 with significant increase in HBsAg-specific memory B and CD4+ T cells
Raven et al[48], 2020Open-labeled, randomized, controlled superiority trialIn Immunocompetent non-responders, revaccination with Fendrix 20 μg or HBVaxPro 40 μg resulted in significantly higher response rates compared to HBVaxPro 10 μg, Energix B 20 μg, or Twinrix 20 μg
Chawansuntati et al[63], 2018Prospective trialHBV patients with HIV co-infection have reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-2 levels, and may require an increased HBV vaccine dose to counter this problem
Palazzo et al[64], 2018Prospective trialRevaccination with the Hepatitis B vaccine (Twinrix, GlaxoSmithKline, London), in HBV patients on maintenance Lenalidomide post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant was absolutely safe with 40% efficacy
Nishikawa et al[65], 2020Prospective trialFor HBV vaccinated, HSCT recipients, 2-year and 3-year cumulative HBV reactivation rates were 22.2% and 28.9% respectively. Discontinuation of immunosuppressants (P = 0.0379) and baseline titers of anti-Hbs (P = 0.004) were related to HBV reactivation