Clinical features and relative factors of constipation in a cohort of Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the subjects

Characteristic	Value	Characteristic	Value
Patients n	166	Hoehn-Yahr stage n (%)
Male n (%)	90 (54.22)	Stage 1	21 (12.7)
Mean age ± SD (yr)	65.92 ± 9.02	Stage 1.5	31 (18.7)
Hypertension n (%)	60 (36.14)	Stage 2	56 (33.7)
Diabetes n (%)	14 (8.43)	Stage 2.5	20 (12.0)
Coronary heart disease n (%)	16 (9.64)	Stage 3	28 (16.9)
Family history of PD n (%)	8 (4.82)	Stage 4	10 (6.0)
Mean age at onset ± SD (yr)	61.01 ± 9.97	Mean scores of scale ± SD
Disease duration (yr)	4.89 ± 3.93	UPDRS total	39.16 ± 18.39
Clinical type n (%)		UPDRS III	21.79 ± 11.72
Tremor	91 (54.82)	Wexner	4.29 ± 5.30
Non-tremor	75 (45.18)	HAMD	10.00 ± 8.61
Motor complications n (%)		HAMA	11.18 ± 10.27
Symptom fluctuation	51 (30.72)	MoCA	19.56 ± 5.75
Dyskinesia	25 (15.06)	PDQ-39	35.66 ± 24.06
Medication n (%)		NMSS	49.89 ± 32.55
Levodopa	134 (80.72)
Dopamine agonist	92 (55.42)
MAO-B inhibitor	44 (26.51)
COMT inhibitor	9 (5.42)
Anticholinergic	26 (15.66)
Amantadine	15 (9.04)

PD: Parkinson's disease; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale; HAMD: Hamilton depression scale; HAMA: Hamilton anxiety scale; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; COMT: Catechol-o-methyltransferase; NMSS: Non-motor symptoms assessment scales; PDQ-39: Parkinson’s disease questionnaire-39; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment.