Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Nov 15, 2014; 5(4): 560-569
Published online Nov 15, 2014. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v5.i4.560
Table 1 Classification of airway diseases secondary to inflammatory bowel diseases[1,3,4]
Site of involvementManifestationsPercent of total PM
Upper extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways (larynx/glottis, trachea, mainstem bronchi)Stenoses, tracheobronchitis, acute respiratory failure7%-8%
Large airwaysBronchiectasis23%-26%
Simple chronic bronchitis without suppuration10%-20%
Mucoid impaction
Bronchial granulomas
Suppurative bronchitis3%-8%
Small airwaysGranulomatous bronchiolitis3%-10%
Acute bronchiolitis
Diffuse panbronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
Concomitant diseases involving the airwaysAsthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sarcoidosis
A1 antitrypsin deficiency
Table 2 Key messages
In a patient with IBD and respiratory symptoms, symptoms should be initially attributed to the primary disease because of significant lung-intestine interference
IBD, asthma and COPD often coincide
IBD should be always remembered in the differential diagnosis of bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis
PFT and HRCT are necessary to evaluate a symptomatic patient
IBD related airway disease does not necessarily follow the course of colitis