Upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk scores: Who, when and why?

Table 1 Rockall score

Score	0	1	2	3
Variable
Age	< 60 yr	60-79 yr	≥ 80 yr
Shock	No shock, systolic BP ≥ 100, pulse < 100	Tachycardia, systolic BP ≥ 100, pulse ≥ 100	Hypotension, systolic BP < 100
Comorbidity	No major comorbidity		Cardiac failure, ischaemic heart disease, any major comorbidity	Renal failure, liver failure, disseminated malignancy
Diagnosis	Mallory-Weiss tear, no lesion identified and no SRH	All other diagnoses	Malignancy of UGI tract
Major SRH	None or dark spot only		Blood in UGI tract, adherent clot, visible or spurting vessel

Admission score: Sum of age, shock and comorbidity; full score: Sum of age, shock, comorbidity, diagnosis and major SRH; BP: Blood pressure (measured in mmHg); UGI: Upper gastrointestinal; SRH: Stigmata of recent haemorrhage.