Potential role of NADPH oxidase in pathogenesis of pancreatitis

Figure 2 Activation and inhibition factors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase signal transduction in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Cerulein, Ang II and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) can enhance, while VIP can decrease the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Ethanol can augment the activation of the cell’s NADPH oxidase system stimulated by PDGF. The downstream signal molecules including MAPKs, TPK, NF-κB, JAK/STAT and Akt participate in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; TPK: Tyrosine protein kinase; MAPK: Mitogen activated protein kinase.