Barrett’s oesophagus: Evidence from the current meta-analyses

Table 2 Meta-analyses comparing patients with Barrett’s oesophagus to control groups

Subject	Ref.	Comparison	Group	Studies	Results	Outcome
Gender	Cook et al[6], 2005	Gender	Barrett’s	32	M:F Ratio 1.96:1 (95%CI: 1.77, 2.77)	Higher M:F ratio in Barrett’s oesophagus and reflux oesophagitis than in non-erosive reflux disease
			Erosive reflux disease	28	1.57 (95%CI: 1.40, 1.76)
			Non-erosive reflux disease	14	0.72 (95%CI: 0.62, 0.84)
Smoking	Andrici et al[7], 2013	Ever smoking	Barrett’s vs GORD	20	OR, 1.18 (95%CI: 0.75, 1.86)	Cigarette smoking associated with increased risk of Barrett’s oesophagus
			Barrett’s vs non-GORD	27	OR, 1.44 (95%CI: 1.20, 1.74)
Obesity	Cook et al[8], 2008	BMI	Barrett’s vs GORD	9	OR, 0.99/kg per m2 (95%CI: 0.97, 1.01)	Barrett’s oesophagus associated with higher BMI than control but not GORD
			Barrett’s vs general population	3	OR, 1.02/kg per m2 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.04)
	Kamat et al[9], 2009	Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 vs BMI < 30)	Barrett’s vs control (BMI ≥ 30 vs BMI < 30)	9	OR, 1.35 (95%CI: 1.15, 1.59)	Barrett’s oesophagus associated with being overweight and obese
		Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 vs BMI < 25)	Barrett’s vs control	8	OR, 1.49 (95%CI: 1.24, 1.80)
	Kubo et al[10], 2013	Waist circumference	Highest vs lowest quartiles	4	Males OR, 2.24 (95%CI: 1.08, 4.65)	Barrett’s oesophagus associated with higher waist circumference but not BMI
					Females OR, 3.75 (95%CI: 1.47, 9.56)
		BMI		4	No significant association
Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux	Taylor et al[11], 2010	Symptoms of GORD	All Barrett’s vs controls	26	OR, 2.90 (95%CI: 1.86, 4.54)	Symptoms of GORD associated with all Barrett’s oesophagus, more strongly with long segment Barrett’s oesophagus than with short segment Barrett’s oesophagus
			Short segment Barrett’s vs controls	12	OR, 1.59 (95%CI: 1.07, 2.38)
			Long segment Barrett’s vs controls	11	OR, 4.16 (95%CI: 2.43, 7.12)
Helicobacter pylori	Wang et al[12]	Helicobacter pylori infection rate	Barrett’s oesophagus vs all controls	12	OR, 0.74 (95%CI: 0.40, 1.37)	Similar helicobacter pylori infection rate in Barrett’s oesophagus to all controls but lower than in endoscopically normal controls
			Barrett’s oesophagus vs endoscopically normal	9	OR, 0.50 (95%CI: 0.27, 0.93)
	Fischbach et al[13], 2012	Helicobacter pylori infection rate	Barrett’s oesophagus vs all controls	49	RR, 0.46 (9%CI: 0.35, 0.60)	Lower helicobacter infection rate in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus compared to controls
		Cag A Helicobacter pylori infection rate	Barrett’s oesophagus vs all controls	7	RR, 0.38 (95%CI: 0.19, 0.78)
Hiatus hernia	Andrici et al[14], 2012	Hiatus hernia presence	Barrett’s oesophagus vs all controls	31	OR, 3.94 (95%CI: 3.02, 5.13)	Hiatus hernia associated with Barrett’s oesophagus and more strongly associated with long-segment Barrett’s oesophagus

OR: Odds ratio; BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval.