Frequency and predictors of fructose malabsorption in patients with functional abdominal pain syndrome: A case-control study

Table 3 Univariate analysis of conditions and symptoms associated with the detection of fructose malabsorption by a fructose breath test after a 25 g fructose load, n (%)

Characteristics	FHBT positive (n = 16)	FHBT negative (n = 45)	P value
Age (years)	20	31	0.001
Gender	Males: 11 (69)	Males: 18 (40)	0.048
Duration of symptoms (months)	8	8	0.27
Body mass index (kg/m2)	19.7	22.5	0.404
Dietary pattern	Mixed: 8 (50)	Mixed: 9 (20)	0.022
Bristol score (> 4)	3 (19)	3 (7)	0.17
Severity of pain (severe)	3 (19)	15 (33)	0.35
Proton pump inhibitor usage	16 (100)	45 (100)	1.0
Anti-cholinergic usage	5 (31)	13 (29)	1.0
Abdominal distension	0	1	1.0
Belching	2	3	0.60
Flatulence	0	1	1.0
Nausea	2	3	0.62
Incomplete evacuation	2	6	1.0
Mucus in stools	3	2	0.11
Constipation	2	11	0.48
Loose stools	3	3	0.17

FHBT: Fructose hydrogen breath testing.