Role of gut microbiomes in different ocular pathologies: A systematic review

Table 3 Microorganisms highlighted in dysbiosis of ocular diseases

Ocular disease category	Implicated micro-organisms increase	Implicated micro-organisms decrease
Uveitis	Malassezia, Candida, Candida, Aspergillus gracilis	Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides
Behcet’s syndrome	Veillonellaceae, Succinivibrionaceae	Bacteroidaceae
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome	Ramularia, Alternaria and Rhizophagus, Alistipes	Methanoculleus, Candidatus Methanomethylophilus and Azospirillum Dorea
Retinal artery occlusion	Actinobacter, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium
Age related macular degeneration	Ruminococcus, Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus, Eubacterium
Diabetic retinopathy	Bacteriodes, Bifidobacterium, Burkholderiaceae	Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Faecalibacterium, Clostridium, Escherichia Shigella, Coriobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, Streptococcaceae
Myopia	Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Megamonas, Faecalibacterium, Coprococcus, Dorea, Roseburia, and Blautia
Retinopathy of prematurity	Enterobacteriaceae
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension		Lactobacillus, Atopobium, Megamonas, Ruminococcus, Streptococcus
Glaucoma	Prevotellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli	Megamonas, Bacterioides
Fungal keratitis		Bifidobacterium, Lactospira, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Mitsuokella, Megasphera and Lachnospiraceae
Bacterial keratitis		Dialister, Megasphaera, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Ruminococcus, Mitsuokella, Firmicutes, Veillonellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae
Sjögren syndrome	Bacteriodetes, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Odoribacter, Actinomycetaceae, Eggerthellaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Akkermanciaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, and Eubacteriaceae	Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Dorea, Agathobacter
Grave’s disease	Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus gnavus