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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 111432
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.111432
Figure 2
Figure 2 Schematic summary of the underlying mechanisms to Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases. IL-27: Interleukin 27; DupA: Duodenal ulcer promoting protein A; VacA: Vacuolating cytotoxin A; CagA: Cytotoxin-associated antigen A; MALT: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.


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