Update on the pathogenesis and clinical management of Helicobacter pylori gastric infection and associated diseases

Table 1 Therapeutic regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection according to the Maastricht consensus and the American College of Gastroenterology

Regimen	Drugs	Dosage	Recomendations
PPI-clarithromycin triple therapy	Clarithromycin; Amoxicillin; Omeprazole	500 mg 12-hourly; 1 g 12-hourly; 20 mg 12-hourly	First line of treatment in situations of low local resistance to clarithromycin (< 15%); people without penicillin allergy; favorable individual susceptibility test for this regimen
Bismuth quadruple therapy	Metronidazole; Tetracycline; PPI; Bismuth subcitrate	500 mg 8-hourly; 500 mg 6-hourly; 120-300 mg	First line of treatment in situations of high local resistance to clarithromycin (> 15%); people with penicillin allergy; when the individual susceptibility testing isn’t available
Rifabutin triple therapy	Rifabutin; Amoxicillin; Omeprazole	50 mg 8-hourly; 1 g 8-hourly; 40 mg 8-hourly	Failure of other lines of treatment; recurrent Helicobacter pylori infections

PPI: Proton pump inhibitor.