Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes

Table 3 Analysis of surgical resection compared with other treatment modalities in patients with brain metastases from colorectal carcinoma

Ref.	Group 1	Group 2	Outcome	HR/OR	95%CI	Statistical significance	Analysis method
Chang et al[126], 2022	Surgery	Radiotherapy	Survival outcomes	HR = 0.53	0.47-0.6	I2 = 0%	Univariate analysis
Gui et al[130], 2025	Surgical resection	No resection	Overall survival	HR = 0.58	0.39-0.86	P = 0.006	Univariate analysis
Gui et al[130], 2025	Surgical resection	No resection	Overall survival	HR = 0.81	0.52-1.25	P = 0.3	Multivariate analysis
Suzuki et al[131], 2014	Surgical resection	No resection	Overall survival	HR = 0.26	0.17-0.41	P < 0.0001	Multivariate analysis
Kye et al[132], 2012	Conservative management	Treatment modality	Overall survival	HR = 7.973	1.487-42.761	P = 0.015	Multivariate analysis
Bonadio et al[13], 2021	Surgery alone	No local therapy	Overall survival	HR = 0.56	0.34-0.90	P = 0.018	Multivariate analysis
Bonadio et al[13], 2021	Surgery + radiotherapy	No local therapy		HR = 0.27	0.16-0.43	P < 0.001	Multivariate analysis
Wong et al[137], 2024	Surgery	WBRT	Overall survival	OR = 0.540	0.233-1.250	P = 0.150	Multivariate analysis
Wong et al[137], 2024	Surgery + WBRT	WBRT		OR = 0.232	0.107-0.504	P < 0.001	Multivariate analysis

CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; WBRT: Whole-brain radiotherapy.