Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes

doi:10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology

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2150-5330

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Dec 22, 2025; 16(4): 110961
Published online Dec 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961

Table 2 Summary of the literature on molecular mutations influencing incidence and prognosis of colorectal cancer brain metastases

Mutation	Incidence	Prognosis	Ref.
CMS3	Higher	Inconclusive	[75]
KRAS	Higher	Inconclusive	[75,80-91]
HER2	Higher	Inconclusive	[91-94,96,98]
HER2 & NT-3	Inconclusive	Worse	[98]
20q11.1 gain	Higher	Inconclusive	[100]
MGMT methylation	Higher	Inconclusive	[102]
V600E BRAF	Higher	Inconclusive	[103,104]

BRAF: B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor 2; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; MGMT: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase; NT-3: Neurotrophin-3.

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Citation: Hutchinson HJ, Gonzalez M, Feier D, Welch CE, Lucke-Wold B. Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(4): 110961
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v16/i4/110961.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961

Hutchinson HJ, Gonzalez M, Feier D, Welch CE, Lucke-Wold B. Colorectal cancer metastasis to the brain: A scoping review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(4): 110961 [PMID: 41479862 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i4.110961]

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