Gender, racial, and stage-specific trends in esophageal cancer: Insights from longitudinal population data

Table 4 Incidence rate ratios to associate the rate of esophageal cancer mortality with age, sex, race and stage at diagnosis

Variables	Overall [IRR (95%CI)]	P value	Males [IRR (95%CI)]	P value	Females [IRR (95%CI)]	P value
Age
< 20	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
20-29	1.06 (0.90-1.24)		1.09 (0.88-1.37)		1.03 (0.81-1.28)
30-39	1.42 (1.22-1.65)		1.70 (1.39-2.09)		1.14 (0.92-1.41)
40-49	3.42 (3.01-3.89)		5.17 (4.34-6.15)		1.66 (1.36-2.04)
50-59	11.4 (10.1-12.8)		18.1 (15.4-21.4)		4.64 (3.88-5.53)
60-69	20.9 (18.7-23.5)		33.9 (28.9-39.8)		7.89 (6.66-9.35)
70-79	21.1 (18.8-23.7)		32.2 (27.4-37.9)		9.98 (8.43-11.8)
80 +	16.6 (14.9-18.9)		23.3 (19.8-27.4)		10.3 (8.70-12.2)
Sex
Male	Reference	< 0.001	N/A		N/A
Female	0.32 (0.31-0.33)		N/A		N/A
Race
NH White	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
NH Black	0.13 (0.12-0.14)		0.11 (0.10-0.11)		0.21 (0.19-0.23)
NH American Indian/Alaskan Native	0.045 (0.042-0.049)		0.032 (0.029-0.036)		0.091 (0.081-0.10)
NH Asian/Pacific Islander	0.13 (0.13-0.14)		0.12 (0.12-0.13)		0.17 (0.15-0.18)
Hispanic	0.15 (0.15-0.16)		0.15 (0.14-0.15)		0.17 (0.16-0.19)
Staging
In situ	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
Localized	1.60 (1.52-1.68)		2.36 (2.21-2.53)		0.84 (0.77-0.91)
Regional	2.91 (2.78-3.05)		4.53 (4.25-4.82)		1.30 (1.20-1.40)
Distant	4.16 (3.98-4.35)		6.76 (6.37-7.19)		1.56 (1.45-1.67)
Year of diagnosis	1.10 (1.09-1.10)	-	1.10 (1.10-1.11)	-	-	-

Poisson regression adjusting for all other variables. IRR: Incidence rate ratio; N/A: Not applicable; NH: Non-Hispanic; CI: Confidence interval.