Gender, racial, and stage-specific trends in esophageal cancer: Insights from longitudinal population data

Table 3 Incidence rate ratios to associate the rate of esophageal cancer incidence with age, sex, race and stage at diagnosis

Variables	Overall [IRR (95%CI)]	P value	Males [IRR (95%CI)]	P value	Females [IRR (95%CI)]	P value
Age
< 20	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
20-29	1.13 (0.97-1.32)		1.21 (0.97-1.49)		1.06 (0.84-1.32)
30-39	1.71 (1.48-1.97)		2.21 (1.82-2.68)		1.21 (0.97-1.50)
40-49	4.98 (4.40-5.64)		7.61 (6.42-9.02)		2.34 (1.93-2.83)
50-59	16.6 (14.8-18.6)		26.2 (22.3-31.8)		6.88 (5.79-8.16)
60-69	28.5 (25.4-31.9)		45.8 (39.0-53.8)		11.1 (9.38-13.1)
70-79	25.2 (22.4-28.3)		37.9 (32.3-44.6)		12.3 (10.4-14.5)
80 +	15.4 (13.7-17.3)		20.8 (17.7-24.5)		9.88 (8.35-11.7)
Sex
Male	Reference	< 0.001	N/A		N/A
Female	0.32 (0.31-0.33)		N/A		N/A
Race
NH White	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
NH Black	0.12 (0.11-0.12)		0.096 (0.091-0.10)		0.19 (0.18-0.21)
NH American Indian/Alaskan Native	0.04 (0.036-0.042)		0.028 (0.026-0.031)		0.077 (0.068-0.086)
NH Asian/Pacific Islander	0.13 (0.13-0.14)		0.12 (0.11-0.13)		0.17 (0.15-0.18)
Hispanic	0.15 (0.14-0.15)		0.14 (0.14-0.15)		0.16 (0.14-0.18)
Staging
In situ	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001	Reference	< 0.001
Localized	2.47 (2.35-2.58)		3.68 (3.46-3.93)		1.24 (1.15-1.34)
Regional	3.81 (3.64-3.98)		5.85 (5.50-6.22)		1.76 (1.64-1.89)
Distant	4.57 (4.37-4.78)		7.43 (6.99-7.89)		1.71 (1.59-1.84)
Year of diagnosis	1.09 (1.08-1.09)	< 0.001	1.09 (1.09-1.10)	< 0.001	1.08 (1.08-1.08)	< 0.001

Poisson regression adjusting for all other variables. IRR: Incidence rate ratio; N/A: Not applicable; NH: Non-Hispanic; CI: Confidence interval.