Factors associated with refractory ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a predominantly Hispanic population: A retrospective analysis

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the whole cohort with 179 patients, n (%)

Variables		Total (n = 179)
	Mean age	59.08 ± 13.04
Gender	Male	100 (55.9)
	Female	79 (44.1)
Ethnicity	Hispanic or Latino	176 (98.3)
	Caucasian	2 (1.1)
	African American	1 (0.6)
Etiology of liver disease	Hepatitis (A, B, C, D)	23 (12.8)
	Congenital liver disease	3 (1.7)
	MASH	11 (6.1)
	Alcoholic liver disease	81 (45.3)
	Autoimmune hepatitis	26 (14.5)
	Others	26 (14.5)
	NA	9 (5.0)
Severity of ascites	Grade I	3 (1.7)
	Grade II	5 (2.8)
	Grade III	171 (95.5)
HE	None	119 (66.5)
	Grade I	4 (2.2)
	Grade II	40 (22.3)
	Grade III	13 (7.3)
	Grade IV	2 (1.1)
GI bleed		76 (42.5)
Serum BUN	< 25 mg/dL	71 (39.7)
	25-35 mg/dL	34 (19.0)
	> 35 mg/dL	74 (41.3)
Mean creatinine		2.37 ± 2.39
Platelet count	1.5-4.5 × 103	55 (30.7)
	1-1.49 × 103	47 (26.3)
	50000-99999	57 (31.8)
	< 500000	20 (11.2)
INR	< 1.7	77 (43.0)
	1.7-2.3	56 (31.3)
	> 2.3	46 (25.7)
Bilirubin	< 2 mg/dL	58 (32.4)
	2-3 mg/dL	38 (21.2)
	> 3 mg/dL	83 (46.4)
Albumin	> 3.5 g/dL	10 (5.6)
	2.8-3.5 g/dL	82 (45.8)
	< 2.8 g/dL	87 (48.6)
Sodium	136-145 mEq/L	38 (21.2)
	126-135 mEq/L	111 (62.0)
	< 125 mEq/L	27 (15.1)
	> 135 mEq/L	3 (1.7)
Serum potassium	3.5-5.5 mEq/L	83 (46.4)
	< 3.5 mEq/L	62 (34.6)
	> 5.5 mEq/L	34 (19)
Child Pugh score	Class A	8 (4.5)
	Class B	59 (33.0)
	Class C	112 (62.6)
MELD-Na score	6-15	26 (14.5)
	16-25	73 (40.8)
	26-35	64 (35.8)
	> 35	16 (8.9)
Ascitic fluid protein	Low	109 (60.9)
	High	70 (39.1)
Liver transplant	Yes	39 (21.79)
	No	140 (78.21)
Death	Yes	87 (48.60)
	No	92 (51.40)

MASH: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD-Na: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium; NA: Not available.