Colorectal cancer tumor phenotypes associated with KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF hot-spot mutations

doi:10.4291/wjgp.v16.i3.107954

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology

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2150-5330

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Sep 22, 2025; 16(3): 107954
Published online Sep 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i3.107954

Table 4 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, and v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 mutations by lymph node and distant metastases in patients with colorectal cancer (n = 799), n (%)

Protein change	Nucleotide change	Overall	+ pN	+ M
Protein change	Nucleotide change	Overall	380 (47.6)	298 (37.3)
NM_004985.5 (KRAS) hot-spot mutations
KRAS wildtype	N/A	483 (60.5)	231 (47.7)	155 (32.0)
KRAS codon 12
p.Gly12Asp (G12D)	c.35G>A	108 (13.5)	51 (47.2)	52 (48.1)
p.Gly12Val (G12V)	c.35G>T	72 (9.0)	39 (54.2)	38 (52.8)
p.Gly12Cys (G12C)	c.34G>T	25 (3.1)	15 (60.0)	13 (52.0)
p.Gly12Ser (G12S)	c.34G>A	18 (2.3)	5 (27.8)	7 (38.9)
p.Gly12Ala (G12A)	c.35G>C	8 (1.0)	2 (25.0)	2 (25.0)
p.Gly12Arg (G12R)	c.34G>C	5 (0.6)	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)
KRAS codon 13
p.Gly13Asp (G13D)	c.38G>A	62 (7.7)	31 (50.0)	22 (35.5)
KRAS codon 61
p.Gln61His (Q61H)	c.183A>T	5 (0.6)	2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)
p.Gln61His (Q61H)	c.183A>C	6 (0.7)	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)
p.Gln61Leu (Q61L)	c.182A>T	4 (0.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
p.Gln61Arg (Q61R)	c.182A>G	3 (0.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
p.Gln61Glu (Q61E)	c.181C>G	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
NM_002524.5 (NRAS) hot-spot mutations
NRAS wildtype	N/A	738 (92.3)	352 (47.7)	271 (36.7)
NRAS codon 12
p.Gly12Asp (G12D)	c.35G>A	6 (0.8)	2 (33.3)	3 (50.0)
p.Gly12Val (G12V)	c.35G>T	3 (0.4)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)
p.Gly12Cys (G12C)	c.34G>T	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
p.Gly12Ser (G12S)	c.34G>A	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
NRAS codon 13
p.Gly13Val (G13V)	c.38G>T	2 (0.3)	2 (100.0)	1 (50.0)
NRAS codon 61
p.Gln61Lys (Q61K)	c.181C>A	12 (1.5)	8 (66.6)	5 (41.7)
p.Gln61Arg (Q61R)	c.182A>G	6 (0.8)	3 (50.0)	2 (33.3)
p.Gln61His (Q61H)	c.183A>T	2 (0.3)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)
p.Gln61Leu (Q61L)	c.182A>T	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Unknown NRAS	N/A	27 (3.3)	11 (40.7)	13 (48.1)
NM_004333.6 (BRAF) V600 mutations
BRAF V600 wildtype	N/A	746 (93.4)	349 (46.8)	278 (37.3)
p.Val600Glu (V600E)	c.1799T>A	48 (6.0)	28 (58.3)	15 (31.2)
Unknown BRAF	N/A	5 (0.6)	3 (60.0)	5 (100.0)

BRAF: V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1; KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog; NRAS: Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog; M: Distant metastasis; pN: Lymph node metastasis; N/A: Not applicable.

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Citation: Abdelgadir O, Kuo YF, Khan MF, Okorodudu AO, Cheng YWO, Dong J. Colorectal cancer tumor phenotypes associated with KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF hot-spot mutations. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(3): 107954
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v16/i3/107954.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v16.i3.107954

Abdelgadir O, Kuo YF, Khan MF, Okorodudu AO, Cheng YWO, Dong J. Colorectal cancer tumor phenotypes associated with KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF hot-spot mutations. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(3): 107954 [PMID: 41024990 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i3.107954]

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