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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol. Jun 22, 2025; 16(2): 107265
Published online Jun 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i2.107265
Published online Jun 22, 2025. doi: 10.4291/wjgp.v16.i2.107265
Table 3 Tumor, node, metastasis and American Joint Committee on Cancer classifications for staging of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors[27]
AJCC | TNM | Description |
I | T1 N0 M0 | Tumor < 2 cm, local to pancreas. No nodal disease/metastasis |
II | T2 N0 M0 | 2 cm < Tumor < 4 cm, local to pancreas. No nodal disease/metastasis |
T3 N0 M0 | Tumor > 4 cm, extended to duodenum/common bile duct. No nodal disease or metastasis | |
III | T1-3/4 N1 M0 | Tumor extended to adjacent organs (stomach, spleen, colon/adrenals) or spread haematogenously (T4). It may present with lymph node spread (N1) but no distant metastasis |
IV | Tx Nx M1 | Any size (Tx), any nodal spread (Nx), but distant metastasis (M1) |
- Citation: Rikhraj N, Fernandez CJ, Ganakumar V, Pappachan JM. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A case-based evidence review. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2025; 16(2): 107265
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2150-5330/full/v16/i2/107265.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v16.i2.107265