Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with gallstone disease in the United States hospitalized patient population

Table 1 Age- and sex-standardized characteristics of hospitalizations

	No gallstone disease (n = 13760769)	All gallstone disease (n = 534015)	P value
NAFLD (%)	1.0	3.3	< 0.001
Age, yr (mean ± SD)	48.8 ± 27.6	63.2 ± 18.1	< 0.001
Gender (%)
Male	43.7	35.7	< 0.001
Female	56.3	64.3	< 0.001
Race (%)
White	64.9	72.1	< 0.001
Black	15.4	11.8	< 0.001
Hispanic	12.4	11.2	< 0.001
Others	7.3	4.9	< 0.001
Payment (%)
Medicare	39.4	58.0	< 0.001
Medicaid	23.5	13.6	< 0.001
Private insurance	29.9	22.8	< 0.001
Others (includes self-pay)	7.1	5.5	< 0.001
Co-morbidities (%)
Alcohol abuse	1.6	2.3	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	13.2	18.9	< 0.001
Dyslipidemia	22.6	33.4	< 0.001
Hypertension	29.8	43.0	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	0.1	0.2	< 0.001
Nicotine dependence	29.6	40.1	< 0.001
Obesity	7.5	5.4	< 0.001

NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.