Diffusion-weighted imaging of pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient values between different solid pancreatic neoplasms

Ref.	No. of patients	Field strength (T)	b-values(s/mm2)	Mean ± SD ADC values(× 10-3 mm2/s)	P value
Yao et al[18]	30 PDACs	3	0, 600	1.57 ± 0.26	< 0.001
	12 SPTs			1.05 ± 0.35
	15 PanNETs			1.62 ± 0.41
Barral et al[19]	18 malignant1	1.5	0, 400, 800	1.1502	< 0.05
	10 benign			2.4932
Lee et al[33]	47 PDACs	1.5	0, 500, 1000	1.23 ± 0.18	NS
	6 SPTs			1.16 ± 0.36
	5 PanNETs			1.30 ± 0.41

¹Including 13 PDACs;

²Median. T: Tesla; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; SPT: Solid pseudopapillary tumor; PanNET: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; NS: Not statistically significant.

Table 2 Comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient values between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and mass-forming pancreatitis/autoimmune pancreatitis

Ref.	No. of patients	Field strength (T)	b-values(s/mm2)	Mean ± SD ADC values(× 10-3 mm2/s)	P value
Yao et al[18]	30 PDACs	3	0, 600	1.57 ± 0.26	< 0.001
	15 MFPs			1.19 ± 0.15
Barral et al[19]	13 PDACs	1.5	0, 400, 800	1.150	NS
	8 MFPs			1.160
Lee et al[33]	47 PDACs	1.5	0, 500, 1000	1.46 ± 0.20/1.23 ± 0.181	< 0.05
	13 MFP			1.23 ± 0.22 /1.04 ± 0.181
Hur et al[36]	28 PDACs	1.5 or 3	0, 500	1.512	< 0.05
	9 AIPs			1.086
Ma et al[37]	25 PDACs	3	0, 800	1.39 ± 0.22	< 0.05
	14 MFPs			1.21 ± 0.23
Huang et al[38]	37 PDACs	3	0, 1000	1.06 ± 0.15	< 0.05
	14 MFPs			1.35 ± 0.14
Kamisawa et al[39]	40 PDACs	1.5	800	1.249 ± 0.113	< 0.001
	13 AIPs			1.012 ± 0.112
Wiggermann et al[40]	24 PDACs	1.5	50, 500	0.78 ± 0.11	NS
	20 MFPs			0.69 ± 0.18
Klauss et al[41]	20 PDACs	1.5	Multiple2	2.55 ± 1.09/1.46 ± 0.311	< 0.05
	9 MFPs			3.17 ± 0.67/1.76 ± 0.191
Fattahi et al[42]	10 PDACs	1.5	0, 600	1.46 ± 0.18	NE
	14 MFPs			2.09 ± 0.18

¹Two readers;

²0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, 800 s/mm². PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; MFP: Mass-forming pancreatitis; AIP: Autoimmune pancreatitis; NE: Not evaluated; NS: Not statistically significant.

Table 3 Data derived from studies that have evaluated apparent diffusion coefficient quantification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with different degree of differentiation

Ref.	No. of patients	Field strength (T)	b-values(s/mm2)	Mean ± SD ADC(× 10-3 mm2/s)	P value
Wang et al[20]	21	1.5	0, 500	2.10 ± 0.42 (MD-WD)	< 0.05
				1.46 ± 0.17 (PD)
Legrand et al[21]	22	1.5 or 3	Multiple1	1.43 ± 0.12 (WD)	0.05
				1.94 ± 0.62 (MD-PD)
Muraoka et al[44]	10	1.5	0, 500	1.88 ± 0.39 (loose fibrosis)	< 0.05
				1.01 ± 0.29 (dense fibrosis)
Rosenkrantz et al[45]	30	1.5	0, 500	1.78 ± 0.33/1.75 ± 0.49 (MD-WD)2	NS
				1.69 ± 0.36/1.62 ± 0.33 (PD)2
Fukukura et al[46]	92	3	0, 1000	1.10 ± 0.09 (high cellularity)	< 0.05
				1.25 ± 0.18 (low cellularity)

¹0, 50, 200, 400, 600, 800 s/mm²;

²Two readers. T: Tesla; WD: Well differentiated PDAC; MD: Moderately differentiated PDAC; PD: Poorly differentiated PDAC; ADC: Apparent diffusion coefficient; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; NS: Not statistically significant.