Radiographic and magnetic resonances contrast agents: Essentials and tips for safe practices

Table 7 Strategies for safe clinical practice of contrast media to reduce risk for renal complications in patients with renal problems

Patients with SCr ≥ 2 g/dL and/or eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2	Withhold contrast whenever possible and use alternative imaging modalities if feasible
	Adequate hydration
Patients with end-stage renal disease who still produce urine	Consider alternative diagnostic study if feasible
	Avoid use of CM whenever possible
	Use lowest possible dose of contrast
	Use intermediate to low osmolar and/or low risk GBCA
	followed by prompt dialysis if the patient is already undergoing dialysis
Patients with end-stage renal disease who are anuric	Can receive routine volumes of intravenous contrast material without risk for further renal damage or the need for urgent dialysis

GBCA: Gadolinium-based contrast agent; CM: Contrast media; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.