Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in management of bladder cancer, particularly with multimodal bladder-sparing strategy

Figure 3 Magnetic resonance images of a 63-year-old man with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (urothelial cancer, stage pT1, grade 2 > 3). A: T2WI shows a large papillary tumor on the left bladder wall; B: DW-MRI displays a C-shaped high-signal tumor with a low-signal-intensity stalk connecting to the bladder wall. This C-shaped high signal is known as an “inchworm sign”, which is a criterion for T staging in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage cT1 or less). DW-MRI: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.