Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders

doi:10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756

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World Journal of Radiology

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1949-8470

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World J Radiol. Oct 28, 2014; 6(10): 756-778
Published online Oct 28, 2014. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756

Table 4 Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation targets: Activation/deactivation of cortical and subcortical targets

	Gpi_DBS	Thalamic_DBS	Nac-ALIC_DBS	Pf_DBS	CM_DBS
Prefrontal cortex	↓Min⁶		↑Knight^1d,5	↑Kim^7,8b,9,10b	↑Kim^7,8a,9,10a
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	↑Min¹^b
Cingulate
Anterior cingulate cortex	↑Min¹^b
Dorsalanterior cingulate cortex			↑Knight⁴	↓Kim⁷⁸¹⁰	↓Kim^7a,8,9,10
Dorsal Posterior cingulate cortex				↓Kim^7,8a,10	↓Kim^7d,8,9,10
Motor cortex
Primary motor cortex	↑Min¹^b			↓Kim^{7,8a ,9,10a}	↓Kim^7,8b,9,10a
Premotor cortex	↑Min¹^b			↓Kim^7,8a,9,10a	↓Kim^{7a,e,f, 8ba,9a,10a}
Primary somatosensory cortex	↑Min¹^b			↓Kim^7,8a,9,10a	↓Kim^7,8,9,10a
Insula	↑Min¹^b		↑Knight^1d,4	↓Kim⁷⁹↑ 8a,10a	↓Kim⁷⁸⁹¹⁰
Temporal lobe
Inferior temporal gyrus		↓Kuhn		↓Kim⁷↑^8a,10	↓Kim⁷⁹↑⁸¹⁰
Striatum
Caudate	↑Min¹^b	↓Kuhn ↓Vernaleken		↓Kim⁸¹⁰	↑Kim⁷↓⁸¹⁰
Putamen		↑Kuhn ↑Vernaleken		↓Kim⁸¹⁰	↑Kim⁷↓⁸¹⁰
Thalamus		↓Kuhn ↓Vernaleken	↓Knight^1d,4
Right thalamus		↑ Kuhn²
Left thalamus		↓Kuhn³
Central thalamic nucleus					↑Kim⁸
Hippocampus				↓Kim⁷⁸¹⁰	↓Kim⁸
Parahippocampal cortex			↑Knight^1d,4	↓Kim⁷⁸¹⁰	↓Kim⁷⁸¹⁰

¹Statistically significant scans;

^bP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001, ^aP < 0.05 vs scans, ^eResponse at 130 Hz 3 V was significant vs P_f contact site at P < 0.05, ^fresponse at 60 Hz 3 V was significant vs Pf;

²Patient #3, unilateral had reduction of putamen activity;

³Only in unilateral patient;

⁴As the stimulation voltage increased from 3 V to 5 V, the region of BOLD signal modulation increased; ⁵As the stimulation voltage increased from 3V to 5V, the region of BOLD signal modulation area decreased for n = 2 pigs;

⁶Activation decreased at 2V;

⁷Response @ 130 Hz 3 V;

⁸Response @ 130 Hz 5 V;

⁹Response @ 60 Hz 3 V;

¹⁰Response @ 60 Hz 5 V; Gpi: Globus pallidus interna; DBS: Deep brain stimulation; NAc-ALIC: Nucleus accumbens-anterior limb of internal capsule; CM-Pf: Centromedian-parafascicular nuclei complex; BOLD: Blood oxygen level dependent.

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Citation: Williams NR, Taylor JJ, Lamb K, Hanlon CA, Short EB, George MS. Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders. World J Radiol 2014; 6(10): 756-778
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v6/i10/756.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756

Williams NR, Taylor JJ, Lamb K, Hanlon CA, Short EB, George MS. Role of functional imaging in the development and refinement of invasive neuromodulation for psychiatric disorders. World J Radiol 2014; 6(10): 756-778 [PMID: 25349661 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i10.756]

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