Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Radiol. Aug 28, 2026; 18(8): 119018
Published online Aug 28, 2026. doi: 10.4329/wjr.119018
Published online Aug 28, 2026. doi: 10.4329/wjr.119018
Table 1 Risk factors for hemorrhagic complications after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage[6]
| Patient related factors | Technique related factors |
| Advanced age (≥ 73 years) | Large bore puncture needle (18G) |
| Chronic kidney disease | Central duct puncture |
| Cirrhosis | Minimally/non-dilated biliary system |
| Deranged coagulation parameters | Multiple number of punctures and catheters |
| Ongoing use of antithrombotic agents | Presence of ascites |
- Citation: Acquafredda F, Vizzuso A, Grigoriadis S, Di Giovanni G, Renzulli M, Giampalma E, Paraskevopoulos I, Spiliopoulos S, Inchingolo R. Vascular complications in percutaneous biliary interventions. World J Radiol 2026; 18(8): 119018
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v18/i8/119018.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.119018