Computed tomography radiomics-based machine learning nomogram for preoperative prediction of glypican-3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristic curves of radiomics models in training and testing cohorts. A: Receiver operating characteristic curve of the radiomics model in the training cohort, showing the model’s discriminatory performance; B: Receiver operating characteristic curve of the radiomics model in the testing cohort, demonstrating the model’s predictive performance on unseen data. AUC: Area under the curve; KNN: K-nearest neighbors; LightGBM: Light Gradient Boosting Machine; LR: Logistic regression; MLP: Multilayer perceptron; SVM: Support vector machine; XGBoost: Extreme gradient boosting.