Role of cerebral blood flow changes in post-transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts hepatic encephalopathy

Table 1 Demographical and clinical data of patients, mean ± SD

Protocols	HC	Before TIPS (n = 18)	After TIPS		P value
			1 month (n = 12)	3 months (n = 8)
Sex (male/female)	12/6	15/3	11/1	7/1	> 0.05a
Age (years)	59.56 ± 1.97	57.61 ± 1.68	56.58 ± 2.01	58.25 ± 2.33	> 0.05b
Child-Pugh scores	5.00 ± 0.00	7.61 ± 1.58	7.42 ± 1.38	8.38 ± 1.69	< 0.001c
Child-Pugh class		5A/11B/2C	2A/8B/2C	2A/3B/3C
Ammonia level (μmol/L)	17.20 ± 2.11	31.08 ± 10.61	37.18 ± 12.78	32.96 ± 8.19	< 0.001c
NCT-A (seconds)	35.94 ± 5.65	51.22 ± 4.34	53.33 ± 5.28	58.75 ± 7.93	< 0.001c
DSST (score)	53.94 ± 1.72	33.89 ± 8.76	32.58 ± 7.19	31.88 ± 5.33	< 0.001c
Portal pressure (cmH2O)		34.93 ± 2.49	23.87 ± 1.99		< 0.001c
HE or MHE			3 HE
Etiology	9 hepatitis cirrhosis/2 alcoholic cirrhosis/7 other causes including autoimmune liver disease
TIPS indication	16 bleeding/2 refractory ascites

^aP > 0.05 was obtained using the χ² test.

^bP > 0.05 was obtained using two independent sample t-tests and paired t-tests.

^cP < 0.001 was obtained using two independent sample t-tests.

NCT-A: Number Connection Test Part A; DSST: Digit Symbol Substitution Test; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; MHE: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy; TIPS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts; HC: Healthy control group.