Research progress of the clinical application of dual-layer spectral computed tomography in gastrointestinal malignancies

Table 1 Summary of characteristics of representative research of the clinical application of dual-layer spectral computed tomography in esophageal cancer

Ref.	Sample size	Cancer type	Main DLCT parameters	Diagnostic performance
Li et al[11]	53 patients	EC	AEF, ECV	The AUC of the combined clinical and DLCT model was 0.893
Wang et al[12]	172 patients	EC	Zeff-VP and NIC-VP	The spectral CT and clinical model yielded the highest AUC of 0.825
Graf et al[13]	62 patients	EC	NIC, normalized ΔIC	The normalized ΔIC yielded the highest AUC of 0.95; ICafter NAC achieved an AUC of 0.88

DLCT: Dual-layer spectral computed tomography; CT: Computed tomography; EC: Esophageal cancer; AEF: Arterial enhancement fraction; ECV: Extracellular volume; AUC: Area under curve; Zeff: Effective atomic number; VP: Venous phase; IC: Iodine concentration; NIC: Normalized iodine concentration; NAC: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy; ΔIC: Iodine concentration at diagnosis-iodine concentration after normalized iodine concentration.