Diagnostic performance of computed tomography-guided percutaneous bone biopsy in musculoskeletal oncology: A single-center cohort study

Table 3 Procedure-level outcomes and two-sided exact 95% confidence intervals

Outcome	Numerator/denominator	Estimate (%)	Exact 95%CI (%)
Diagnostic yield	60/64	93.75	84.8-98.3
Conditional recorded concordance	60/60	100.00	94.0-100.0
Full-cohort concordant diagnostic-result rate	60/64	93.75	84.8-98.3
Non-diagnostic procedures	4/64	6.25	1.7-15.2
Recorded minor complications	2/64	3.13	0.4-10.8
Recorded major complications	0/64	0.00	0.0-5.6
No recorded complication	62/64	96.88	89.2-99.6

The denominator of 60 excludes the four non-diagnostic procedures; the full-cohort endpoint counts them as failures. Final disease status in those four procedures remains unverified. Exact intervals quantify binomial sampling uncertainty and do not resolve verification, incorporation, selection, or surveillance bias. Independence of procedure records requires author confirmation (AQ1).